Mesopotamia, south of Al-Ramādī (about 70 miles, or 110 kilometres, west of Baghdad) on the Euphrates and the bend of the Tigris below Sāmarrāʾ (about 70 miles north-northwest of Baghdad), is flat alluvial land. The low-lying plain of the Kārūn River in Persia has always been closely related to Mesopotamia, but it is not considered part of Mesopotamia as it forms its own river system. Only from the latitude of Baghdad do the Euphrates and Tigris truly become twin rivers, the rāfidān of the Arabs, which have constantly changed their courses over the millennia. However, in the broader sense, the name Mesopotamia has come to be used for the area bounded on the northeast by the Zagros Mountains and on the southwest by the edge of the Arabian Plateau and stretching from the Persian Gulf in the southeast to the spurs of the Anti-Taurus Mountains in the northwest. South of this lies Babylonia, named after the city of Babylon. In the narrow sense, Mesopotamia is the area between the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, north or northwest of the bottleneck at Baghdad, in modern Iraq it is Al-Jazīrah (“The Island”) of the Arabs. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Mesopotamia to the end of the Old Babylonian period The origins of Mesopotamian history The background But what about the details in between? Put your history smarts to the test to see if you qualify for the title of History Buff. You know basic history facts inside and out.
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Assyria and Babylonia at the end of the 2nd millennium.The Kassites, the Mitanni, and the rise of Assyria.
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